Discrimination Towards The Lgbt Community - 2224 Words

Throughout the years, the LGBT community has put forth tremendous effort to gain rights and recognition in the United States. Yet there have been numerous laws that have discriminated and made them feel unequal. LGBT stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered. Many people in the community have a hard time accepting who they truly are in terms of sexual orientation or gender identity. Coming out is challenging enough on its own, and laws and regulations that discriminate against those who only wish to live freely can make it hard for them to do so. Living in the time period we do, we have seen many changes in the right direction as far as having equal rights for all, but it has not always been this way. There have been many movements and actions the LGBT community has taken over the years to get to where we are today. There have also been many laws and regulations specifically targeted at same-sex and transgendered individuals, some of which that still apply today. Discrim ination towards the LGBT community is not something new. Although today it may seem normal to see two men holding hands walking down the street, forty years ago it was almost unheard of. This is why the Supreme Court case Baker vs. Nelson made headlines. In 1972, the Court ruled that a Minnesota same-sex couple had no constitutional right to marry. This all started when two male University of Minnesota students went to fill out a marriage application form. When the clerk denied the applicationShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee: GA3 - The Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee Issue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberalRead MoreThe Community Of Lgbt Workers Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesSince the beginning of their existence and in today’s society, the community of LGBT workers are not being treated fairly or getting their fair share that they deserve in the workplace. They are victims to high rates of workplace discrimination. Instead of being judged as workers and what they bring to their jobs and how they work, they are being judged by their sexual preferences and appearance. Being a gay or transgender worker causes them to be mistreated, not judged for the actual workers theyRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Sexual Orientation Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch) discrimination. During work, â€Å"discrimination based on sexual orientation must not be tolerated in any form in modern law enforcement. Instead of prejudice and intolerance, police departments and chief executives should embrace a â€Å"Do Ask, Do Tell† attitude toward gays and lesbians (Winchell, 2008)†. They will go out of their way to cause harm either (physically/ mentally), professional humiliation, and the refusal of some heterosexual officers to work in close proximity with the LGBT officersRead MoreMental Health And The Lgbt Community1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmany studies on mental health in the LGBT community. With more people being open about their sexual orientation, the LGBT community has become a bigger target for those individuals who create difference between groups to justify discrimination of a particular group. The discrimination towards the LGBT community has caused problems for individuals in the community, mental health being among the biggest problem. Studies have shown that the discrimination of LGBT individuals can affect mental healthRead MoreHate Crimes In The Lgbt Community1580 Words   |  7 Pagespart of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender community; that is roughly equivalent to the entire population of New Jersey. The LGBT community stands for and places their beliefs in equality, individuality, and pride. Despite their efforts, they are still faced with degrading discrimination and cruel hatred. Today, fourteen percent of all hate crimes are directed towards to LGBT community. (fbi.gov) The number of hate crimes towards the community is quickly increasing and evolving into a worldwideRead MoreOppression Of Minorities During The Civil Rights Movement871 Words   |  4 Pagesefforts to reach a more unified community have been taken, many minorities still fight oppression. Through activism, social and political movements, the LGBTQIA community have progressed immensely throughout the past few decades. History has demonstrated a slow, yet vast amount of success in this marginalized group. Activists endured a long journey toward gaining rights for the community which lead to a modern day civil rights movement for the LGBTQIA community. Although there has been a greatRead MoreThe Discrimination Or Prejudicial Treatment Against Homosexual Believing That Heterosexuality Is The Normal Sexual Orientation945 Words   |  4 PagesHeterosexism, the discrimination or prejudicial treatment against homosexual believing that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation. LGBT(Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual) community has suffered from heterosexism for many decades. This is growing rapidly around the country. Homosexuals have been excluded from jobs, denied benefits, discriminated at school, discriminated within their religion, not being accepted in their town or country and in public places in general. As evidence suggestsRead MoreGay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgendered Youth ( Lgbt )1610 Word s   |  7 Pagesaddress various types of discrimination among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered youth (LGBT). This research will identify the different types of discrimination that affect LGBT students, grades 9 through 12, and the mental health impacts discrimination has on LGBT youth. The data provided is from a school-based, empirical survey conducted in 2009 by Joanna Almeida, Renee M. Johnson, Heather L. Corliss, Beth E. Molnar and Deborah Azrael. Their survey measured the number of LGBT youth in Boston, MassachusettsRead MoreThe United States Economy Suffers Greatly Due To The Discrimination1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States economy suffers greatly due to the discrimination of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) community. In the past twelve years, LGBT businesses have provided $1.7 billion for the United States economy (Marks). Many Americans, especially those from religious backgrounds, are opponents of the LGBT community (Chu). Many LGBT students in high school are bullied and drop out because of all the discrimination. When they drop out they are not able to obtain an education and get aRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 Pagesequality, the legalization of same-sex marriage was a huge leap to success in the overall acceptance of the LGBT community. Although surrounded by controversy, the legalization of gay marriage has benefitted modern society by promoting equality and non-discrimination in society, inducing psychological, physical, and social well-being amongst LGBT people, and validating and providing stability for LGBT families. The legalization of gay marriage was an important event in United States’ history. On June

Christopher Columbus Essay - 474 Words

On October 12, 1492, two worlds unknown to each other met for the first time on a small island in the Caribbean Sea. While on a voyage for Spain in search of a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the Americas. However, in four separate voyages to the Caribbean from 1492 to 1504, he remained convinced that he had found the lands that Marco Polo reached in his overland travels to China at the end of the 13th century. To Columbus it was only a matter of time before a passage was found through the Caribbean islands to the cities of Asia. Columbus was not the first European to reach the Americas Vikings from Scandinavia had briefly settled on the North American coast, in what is now Newfoundland,†¦show more content†¦The first European nation to begin actively looking for a sea route to Asia was Portugal. The Portuguese had already begun exploring Africa in the early 1400s, and in 1415 they invaded northern Africa and conquered the Muslim community. This gained the Portuguese access to the African trade, which, until that time, had been dominated by the Muslims. The Portuguese began exploring the western coast of Africa, hoping to find a route to the riches of Asia by going around the southern tip of the continent. Other nations, not wanting to be left behind, began sponsoring voyages of exploration as well. Columbus’s father was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver who was also involved in local politics. His mother was Suzanna Fontanarossa, the daughter of a wool weaver. The oldest of five children was Christopher he had three brothers and one sister. When Columbus sailed the earth everyone thought that the world was flat and if he sailed to far that he would eventually fall off the edge of the earth. When Christopher went on his voyage to the Americas when he landed, he thought he landed on the Indian islands and so that is was we call the Native Americans Indians. When the Europeans came to the Americas they brought a lot of diseases with them like, measles, smallpox, and malaria and the flu. Columbus went on many voyages to the Americas and each time he came back people would be astonished by what he would tell them. Columbus wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christopher Columbus? Or Not Christopher Columbus?1329 Words   |  6 Pages On Columbus Day students across the nation will lea rn how Columbus discovered the New World and about his fantastic travels to the New World. Children will learn poems, stories, songs and rhymes about his travels and about himself as well on this day. When introduced to Columbus as a young student he is portrayed as a respectful gentleman and as a hero, when in reality he is a selfish man who takes advantage of lesser people and schools should be teaching their students about who Columbus reallyRead MoreThe Christopher Columbus741 Words   |  3 Pages Little may one know about Christopher Columbus, other than the fact that â€Å"Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492†. Even though he was claimed to have discovered the Americas, he was never the first to arrive there because (according to historians) the Vikings were there first. But, his discovery led other people in Europe know about the Americas therefore changing the world. Columbus shaped the world as we know it today. Columbus was born around 1451 in the republic of Genoa (what today wouldRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Columbus1365 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Columbus Most people think of Christopher Columbus as the person who discovered the Americas. However, Leif Ericson, a Viking, was the first European to see the Americas. â€Å"Christopher Columbus - born Cristoforo Colombo but was called in Spain Cristobal Colon†(Heat-Moon 4) was born to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa sometime between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Italy near Genoa (Heat-Moon 4). â€Å"Christopher Columbus had four other siblings; Bartholomew Columbus, BianchinettaRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Columbus898 Words   |  4 Pages Christopher Columbus â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two / Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† In grade school, I was taught this rhyme to learn about Christopher Columbus. Most of what I learned about Christopher Columbus then, was that he thought the world was round (and others didn’t); and that he wanted to sail to India, but messed up, and landed in America, calling the natives â€Å"Indians.† As I grew older, I learned a little bit more about Columbus’s trips to the Americas. I was told that ChristopherRead MoreThe Journey Columbus By Christopher Columbus1628 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloped Through the Uncovering of San Salvador in 1492 Christopher Columbus’s adventitious finding of San Salvador led to the initial European â€Å"discovery† of the New World. Columbus, an Italian explorer, attempted to sail west from Spain to India, funded by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile (Christopher Columbus’s Exploration). He sailed west using three boats: the Nià ±a, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (Christopher Columbus the Italian Explorer). They reached the island of GuanahaniRead MoreThe Voyage of Christopher Columbus1541 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican History I 07/08/05 Christopher Columbus Voyage to North America Spanish exploration first began with a series of revolutions. First, the Commercial Revolution generated economic stability. Second, the Intellectual Revolution generated interest in the Earths composition and the pursuit of exploration. Europe then called for a political revolution to end the disorganized and disorderly rule of its government. This revolution returned order and stability to the government and renewed interestRead MoreChristopher Columbus Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Columbus was born in 1451 at Genoa. Genoa was a seaport that was on the Ligurian sea. His name was Cristoforo Colombo and that was translated into English as Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus had two brothers, which he was older than both. Christopher Columbus had little schooling just like most of the people during that age. Genoa was a busy seaport and Christopher Columbus learned much from the sailors. Christopher Columbus’s father was a poor weaver. Christopher Columbu s workedRead MoreChristopher Columbus Is Not A Hero Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is commonly known as the â€Å"discoverer† of the Americas. From a young age students are taught all the wonderful things he did for our land and how well he interacted with the Natives. Although the truth is disregarded and as students grow, they come to learn that Columbus was not a hero in fact. Columbus came close to causing a genocide of the Native Americans, and basically began the â€Å"white power† movement that America is forced to deal with today. The truth of what ChristopherRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero965 Words   |  4 Pages In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. He helped build implement a trade network between Europe (old world) and the America (new world). Which introduced new food and technology to both worlds. Although Christopher Columbus is recognized as a hero, who discovered the America and made it what it is today, his motives were to take all the valuable goods from the new world to the Spain. He have killed millions of natives. In 1492, when Christopher Columbus began to sail, he wanted to goRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus1931 Words   |  8 Pagesdeeply held, yet imperfectly understood, beliefs. The role of history in the iconography of the United States is pervasive, yet the facts behind the fiction are somehow lost in an amorphous haze of patriotism and perceived national identity. Christopher Columbus, as a hero and symbol of the first order in America, is an important figure in this pantheon of American myth. His status, not unlike most American icons, is representative not of his own accomplishments, but the self-perception of the society

Literacy Essay Example For Students

Literacy Essay On the topic of literacy I was stumped as too how to start this essay. I sat in front of my computer and stared blankly into the screen as I thought what would be a good point that I could run off with. Then as I was trying to begin the assignment I felt the sudden urge to go downstairs and smoke a cigarette thinking the nicotine would stimulate my creativity. When arriving downstairs at about quarter after twelve at night, I happened to run into the 2 male resident advisors John Paul and Pudge. They said to stay their cause they were waking everyone up for a mandatory meeting. After everyone came down for this mandatory meeting and things got situated our resident director began to discuss some of the issues bothering him. One of these issues was the use of candles in the rooms. Notice how I say use of candles. According to the rule book despite their admitted attractiveness, these items are forbidden to be used do to their high fire potential. So, our resident directors interpretat ion of the rule meant no candles and that plenty of people will be fined. The old interpretation of the rule was that they were allowed, just not if the wick on them were burnt, cause then they wouldnt be used. This got me to thinking. Here we have two different interpretations of these rules. I guess you could say this happened because of these two peoples different opinions. Your opinions are influenced by your literacy. So, with that in mind, I present to you my autobiography on my literacy. Natural to talk about literacy you must discuss the subject of words. If talking about words, its always nice to know what a persons first words were. My first word was no.I said this while my mother was grocery shopping and she was going to pick out a can of green beans. I guess even then I had good taste. From there we go to the many standardized tests I have had to partake in during my elementary and junior high school public school years. In the majority of these reading tests I scored a 99 percentile (my string was broken when I received a 97 my 7th grade year.) This brought me all sorts of opportunities. I was one of the few chosen in my school to take the test for Hunter High School. Hunter High School is a very prestigious school in the New York area, rated about as high as Styversant, Bronx Science, and Brooklyn Tech. These schools also required tests. In order to get into these schools you had to score at least a 440 on the test they gave you. I scored somewhere around the 390s. Another test had to be taken for me to get into a private high school. I passed this test and I was off on my way to high school. In my high school I was forced to read many books in which I had to interest in. Of course it wasnt a complete waste of time because I actually read two books that interested me. These books were Fahrenheit 451 and Walden. I became very fond of the latter. From here, this stifled my thinking. I think these two books are what got me started in the path of thinking I take now. I now look at things from more of a spectators view, but at the same time analyze every situation I undertake to be sure that I can adjust to all angles thrown at me. From high school led to college and from college led to this rhetoric class. As you can see, this is a brief history of my literacy. In order to fit all the details I would have to write a book and include every book and every tid-bit of information I had learned in that book. That would take extremely too long and after having a long night, I feel this is a more than adequate way of describing the history of my literacy. .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .postImageUrl , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:visited , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:active { border:0!important; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:active , .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3997696a895dff08a31e6ecd7357e39d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on America Needs Obamacare EssayWords/ Pages : 711 / 24

Heroic Qualities Essay Research Paper Ancient civilizations free essay sample

Heroic Qualities Essay, Research Paper Ancient civilisations pass on their parts to society through unwritten traditions now written down. They felt the best manner to go on their support was to make fabulous narratives that encompassed the general ideal of the people. These narratives were used as tools for learning social criterions, exposing effects, and patterning outlooks. Today new expression back at these most celebrated narratives and seek to deduce a consensus of how the people of the past idea and believed. The chief characters in these narratives were normally described as the hero. Peoples idealized this individual and used him as an illustration for general mention. Two of the most outstanding heroes were Odysseus the Homeric heroic poem hero, and Oedipus, Sophocles # 8217 ; s tragic hero. The immediate nature of both Odysseus and Oedipus shows heroic features in each of their narratives ; they both struggle with imperfectnesss, but each trades with his failing otherwise. Both heroes begin each narrative as a good leader or leader. Odysseus can be best described as an incarnation of the ideal of the people. He displayed great strength and originative humor, but he was capable to his ain character. Odysseus was a epic adult male coming home from a long war. While he was gone his married woman # 8217 ; s suers had turn his place and its milieus in to shambles. The people recognized Odysseus # 8217 ; s importance to the organisation of the town. He was the strong swayer that they turned to in times of demand. He was besides known as a strong and cagey warrior. Odysseus was known for assisting make the Trojan Equus caballus and the down autumn of the metropolis of Troy. The Equus caballus was presented as a gift to the Trojans. Inside the hollow Equus caballus, Achaean military personnels were waiting to swoop on the unsuspicious Trojan # 8217 ; s. After the triumph of the war, Odysseus tried to travel place merely to be delayed continually. When he an d his shipmates encounter the Cyclops who traps them in his cave, Odysseus devises a program to assist them get away. The Cyclops, Polyphemos, allow his prized sheep out graze during the twenty-four hours, so Odysseus decided they should hang on the abdomens of the sheep when he allow the out, Odysseus saved his work forces from certain decease. However, as Odysseus was get awaying from Polyphemos he disclosed his name to the giant, which he had earlier tried to maintain a secret. He wanted to pridefully cry that he was the adult male who had tricked the atrocious Polyphemos. He did non recognize the effects of this revelation made him in peculiar responsible for his actions. It happed that Polyphemos was the boy the sea God Poseidon. Throughout the remainder of the journey, Poseidon works against Odysseus and his crew. Odysseus allowed pride to acquire the best of him ; this becomes a common happening of heroic poem heroes. He feels he can carry through all things on his ain, burying to honour the Gods. This character defect seems to look subsequently in the heroic poem when Odysseus arrives place to happen his place in the center of a awful ordeal. He allows choler to steep him and vows to acquire retaliation on the suers and their confederates. He kills the servants of the suers ; they are given an violative and dishonourable decease â€Å"by hanging instead than by the knife or blade, as in the ritual forfeit of an guiltless animal† ( Wilkie and ache 571 ) . This dishonourable decease showed Odysseus deficiency of regard and utmost choler, which he took out on the amahs. They were non allowed a proper entombment, which dishonored their households and all that knew them. Oedipus is another celebrated hero who served as the Theban male monarch. Oedipus became celebrated when he solved a conundrum and free the metropolis of the monstrous Sphinx. The Theban people had merely lost their male monarch and so the hero Oedipus was crowned as their new leader. He so married the queen and ruled over the metropolis. A awful pestilence later haunts the people of Thebes, Oedipus vows to happen the cause and subsequently vows to revenge the decease of the past male monarch of Thebes. Oedipus tries to be an honest male monarch and support the public assistance of his people, yet he is incognizant that he is the cause for his metropolis # 8217 ; s affliction. As a premier illustration of the tragic hero, Oedipus experiences a speedy alteration in his fortune. Aristotle said that a tragic hero would # 8220 ; alteration luck from prosperity to hardship # 8221 ; ( Wilkie and ache 972 ) . Oedipus is described as humanely intelligent and a smartly active leader # 822 1 ; ( Wilkie and Hurt 735 ) . Slowly Oedipus begins to recognize his destiny ; the destiny that he has lived his life to avoid. He has spent his life seeking to debar the prophets that declared he would kill his male parent and get married his female parent. After running off, Oedipus kills a traveller on the route to Thebes. He would subsequently happen out that this traveller was his male parent. Often times Oedipus would move in order to avoid his destiny before believing about what he was making. His defect is that he believes he can run off from or change the effects of destiny. Fate was guarded by the Gods and so Oedipus is proposing that he is capable of working without the aid or intercession of the Gods. His life displays an awkward possibility that one could kill his male parent and get married his female parent. # 8220 ; Nothing is unlikely in the life of a tragic hero # 8221 ; ( Wilkie and Hurt 975 ) . The narrative of a tragic hero is suppose to warn people that even the most pious can hold a ruin. Oedipus finds his married woman ( and female parent ) hanged and knife his ain eyes out. This depicts Oedipus # 8217 ; s metaphorical sightlessness throughout the drama and now after the realisation his physical sightlessness. Oedipus begins as an extraordinary adult male and falls by some mistake or infirmity. Both characters are strong willed leaders who frequently times seek to take control of excessively much at one clip. They both display strengths and heroic features. Odysseus is the incarnation of the ideal as the heroic poem hero. On the other manus, Oedipus is a good adult male tested by destiny and subsequently comes to his ruin as a tragic hero. Both heroes is told of to learn a lesson to the people, the heroic poem hero gives people a criterion which to idealise and the tragic hero gives an illustration of how delicate life is and how much destiny regulations our lives. Most of all these characters display the abilities of worlds even with imperfectnesss and infirmities.

Language Acquistion Essays - Language Acquisition, Linguistics

Language Acquistion Language acquisition is the process of learning a native or a second language. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. Children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, and grammar is seldom taught to them; that they rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically. This supports the theory of Noam Chomsky (1959). that children are able to learn the grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a deep structure of universal grammatical rules that corresponds to an innate capacity of the human brain. Adults learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, as do children learning their native language. In the first part of this paper I will describe the process of language acquisition. The second part will review how infants respond to speech. Language Acquisition Language is multifaceted. It contains both verbal and non-verbal aspects that children seem to acquire quickly. Before birth virtually all the neurons (nerve cells) are formed, and they migrate into their proper locations in the brain in the infant. When a baby is born, it can see and hear and smell and respond to touch, but only dimly. The brain stem, a primitive region that controls vital functions like heartbeat and breathing, has completed its wiring. Elsewhere the connections between neurons are wispy and weak. But over the first few months of life, the brain's higher centers explode with new synapses. This helps an infant to be biologically prepared to face the stages of language acquisition. According to the textbook Child Development: A Thematic Approach, 3rd Edition (D. Bukatko & M.W. Daehler, 1996, p. 252) there are four main components to language acquisition. These components are phonology, semantics, syntax and pragmatics. Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are organized and how they function. It is the main linguistic accomplishment during the first year of life. The phonology of language refers to fundamental sounds units and the rules for combining them. Each language has a certain number of sounds called phonemes. Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of a word. Infants are able to identify hundreds of variations of sounds. For example, an infant who is six months old can detect the difference between ma and pa. An infant's first year is mainly receiving messages but also working on being able to produce messages. As they physically develop infants form the ability to make sounds. Some of these initial sounds are cooing, vowel like utterances occasionally accompanied by consonants and babbling which are consonant-vowel combinations. During the first 6 months of life, physiological changes, such as the shape of oral cavity, tongue development, motor control of lips, and tooth eruption, also take place that contribute to speech development. One of the infants task is to identify phonemes. According to the textbook (D.Bukatko the fluctuations of the voice. For example, raising your voice to ask a question or lowering it to let the infant know you are serious. This helps infants to learn the phonology of their language and prepares them for the next stage of learning which is semantics. Semantics is the meaning of words or combination of words. Shortly before babies have their first birthday, they begin to understand words, and around that birthday, they start to produce them (Clark, 1993). Words are usually produced in isolation. This one-word stage can last from two months to a year. Children's first words are similar all over the planet. About half the words are for objects: food (juice, cookie), body parts (eye, nose), clothing (diaper, sock), vehicles (car, boat), toys (doll, block), and household items (bottle, light, animals (dog, kitty), and people (dada, baby). At this time children usually start to use gestures to call attention to an object or event defined as protodeclarative communication. Protoimperative communication is the use of a gesture to issue a

Critically discuss the claim that people tend to explain the essays

Critically discuss the claim that people tend to explain the essays A prevailing area in social psychology is that of attribution theory. Attribution evaluates behaviour; seeking explanations for the decisions that people make about why particular events occurred or why certain individuals acted the way they did. A common sense approach taken by Heider (1958, cited in Augoustinos, 1995) views people as naive scientists deducing the causes of events around them as holding cause and effect relations. People tend to attribute behaviour to a single cause residing either within the actor; dispositional, or outside in the situation; situational. Ross (1997, cited in Hogg fundamental attribution error, this refers to a tendency to focus to much on behaviour itself and not enough on the situation or context; overemphasising dispositional causes and underestimating situational ones, even where strong situational pressures exist. In studies aiming to provide empirical support for attribution theory; in particular fundamental attribution error, the focal point was that of the attributions made by the observer of another persons behaviour. Jones polar tendency in attribution; Jones actor observer effect (cited in Augoustinos, 1995). Based on the actor-observer effect Storms (1973, cited in Brown, 1986) predicted that if an actor in conversation with a stranger and an individual observing the conversation were asked to explain the actors behaviour they will disagree. In his study there was a conversation lasting five minutes...

Psychology Experiment on learning by doing vs learning by viewing Essay

Psychology Experiment on learning by doing vs learning by viewing - Essay Example study that targets the determination of the learning theories and techniques specifically the comparative analysis of the experiments and empirical data related to the educational psychology of the techniques such as learning by doing and learning by viewing. The results of the studies that had been chosen are then analyzed and reviewed. I. One of the studies that became the focus of the research and review undertaken is the research conducted by Stull and Mayer on the comparative analysis of the two types of learning process through the comparison of the graphic organizers in materials that are studied. The main objective of the study is to be able to determine which of the said methods are more effective in achievement of understanding of the learners (Stull and Mayer 808). The main hypothesis of the study undertaken is determination if the graphic organizers that are established by the students are more effective in retaining studied concept more than the prepared ones. The said hypothesis had been tested by conducting three (3) set-ups for experimentation, thus, the main methodology used is experimental research. The set-ups differed in the number of the author-provided graphic organizers and the items that students are needed to construct graphic organizers for. The first set up can be considered the most complex, and complexity decreases towards the third set-up. The complexity level had been the independent variable which was measured through the number of items provided. The 1st set-up which is of the highest complexity is composed of 27 author-provided organizers and also items that students need to construct their own. On the 2nd and 3rd set-ups 18 and 10 of each type are made respectively. Basically, the variables had been designed and defined on the basis of the cognitive theory of learning. This can be attributed to the fact that the skills that are required in the analysis, understanding and construction of graphic organizers in